Sake amfani da robobi na nufin tsarin dawo da sharar gida ko tarkacen filastik da sake sarrafa kayan zuwa samfuran aiki da amfani.Ana kiran wannan aikin da tsarin sake amfani da filastik.Manufar sake yin amfani da robobi shine a rage yawan gurɓacewar filastik yayin da rage matsin lamba kan kayan budurwa don samar da sabbin samfuran filastik.Wannan hanya tana taimakawa wajen adana albarkatu da kuma karkatar da robobi daga wuraren da ake zubar da ƙasa ko wuraren da ba a yi niyya ba kamar tekuna.
Bukatar Gyaran Filastik
Filastik abu ne mai ɗorewa, nauyi kuma mara tsada.Ana iya ƙera su da sauri zuwa samfuran daban-daban waɗanda ke samun amfani a cikin tarin aikace-aikace.A kowace shekara, fiye da tan miliyan 100 na robobi ake kera a duk duniya.Kusan fam biliyan 200 na sabbin kayan filastik an ƙera thermoformed, kumfa, laminated kuma an fitar da su cikin miliyoyin fakiti da kayayyaki.Saboda haka, sake amfani, farfadowa da sake yin amfani da robobi suna da matukar muhimmanci.
Wadanne Filastik Ne Suke Maimaituwa?
Akwai nau'ikan robobi guda shida.Wadannan su ne wasu samfurori na yau da kullum da za ku samo don kowane filastik:
PS (Polystyrene) - Misali: kofuna masu zafi na kumfa, yankan filastik, kwantena, da yogurt.
PP (Polypropylene) - Misali: akwatunan abincin rana, kwantena na abinci, kwantena ice cream.
LDPE (Polyethylene low-density) - Misali: kwandon shara da jakunkuna.
PVC (Plasticised Polyvinyl chloride ko polyvinyl chloride) -Misali: cordial, ruwan 'ya'yan itace ko matsi kwalabe.
HDPE (Polyethylene mai girma) - Misali: kwantena shamfu ko kwalabe na madara.
PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) - Misali: ruwan 'ya'yan itace da kwalabe masu laushi.
A halin yanzu, samfuran filastik PET, HDPE, da PVC kawai ake sake yin fa'ida a ƙarƙashin shirye-shiryen sake yin amfani da su.PS, PP, da LDPE yawanci ba a sake yin fa'ida ba saboda waɗannan kayan filastik sun makale a cikin na'urorin rarrabuwa a wuraren sake yin amfani da su suna haifar da karyewa ko tsayawa.Ba za a iya sake yin amfani da murfi da saman kwalabe ba."Don sake yin fa'ida ko kar a sake yin fa'ida" babbar tambaya ce idan aka zo batun sake yin amfani da filastik.Wasu nau'ikan filastik ba a sake yin fa'ida ba saboda ba su da ikon yin hakan ta fuskar tattalin arziki.
Wasu Gaggarumin Sake Amfani da Filastik
A kowace sa'a, Amurkawa na amfani da kwalabe miliyan 2.5, yawancinsu ana jefar da su.
Kimanin kashi 9.1% na samar da filastik an sake yin fa'ida a cikin Amurka yayin 2015, ya bambanta ta nau'in samfur.An sake yin fa'idar fakitin filastik a kashi 14.6%, samfuran filastik masu ɗorewa a 6.6%, da sauran kayayyaki marasa ɗorewa a 2.2%.
A halin yanzu, kashi 25 cikin 100 na sharar filastik ana sake yin amfani da su a Turai.
Amurkawa sun sake yin amfani da tan miliyan 3.14 na robobi a shekarar 2015, kasa da miliyan 3.17 a shekarar 2014.
Sake yin amfani da filastik yana ɗaukar 88% ƙasa da makamashi fiye da samar da robobi daga sabbin albarkatun ƙasa.
A halin yanzu, kusan kashi 50% na robobin da muke amfani da su ana jefar da su bayan amfani guda ɗaya.
Filastik na lissafin kashi 10% na jimillar sharar gida.
Filastik na iya ɗaukar ɗaruruwan shekaru don raguwa
Robobin da ke ƙarewa a cikin teku suna raguwa zuwa ƙanana kuma a kowace shekara ana kashe dabbobi masu shayarwa 100,000 na ruwa da tsuntsayen teku miliyan ɗaya suna cin waɗannan ƙananan robobin.
Ƙarfin da aka adana daga sake yin amfani da kwalban filastik ɗaya kawai zai iya kunna kwan fitila mai nauyin watt 100 na kusan sa'a guda.
Tsarin Gyaran Filastik
Mafi sauƙaƙan tsarin sake amfani da filastik ya haɗa da tattarawa, rarrabuwa, shredding, wankewa, narkewa, da pelletizing.Ainihin matakai na musamman sun bambanta dangane da guduro filastik ko nau'in samfurin filastik.
Yawancin wuraren sake amfani da filastik suna amfani da matakai biyu masu zuwa:
Mataki na Farko: Rarraba robobi ta atomatik ko tare da nau'in hannu don tabbatar da cewa an cire duk gurbatattun daga rafin filastik.
Mataki na biyu: Narkar da robobi kai tsaye zuwa wani sabon siffa ko yayyafawa cikin flakes sannan su narke kafin daga bisani a sarrafa su zuwa granulates.
Sabbin Cigaba a Gyaran Filastik
Ci gaba da sabbin abubuwa a cikin fasahohin sake yin amfani da su sun sanya tsarin sake yin amfani da filastik cikin sauƙi kuma mafi tsada.Irin waɗannan fasahohin sun haɗa da ingantattun na'urori masu amintacce da ƙwararrun yanke shawara da software na ƙwarewa waɗanda ke haɓaka aiki tare da daidaiton rarraba robobi ta atomatik.Misali, na'urorin gano FT-NIR na iya aiki har zuwa sa'o'i 8,000 tsakanin kurakuran na'urori.
Wani sanannen bidi'a a cikin sake yin amfani da filastik ya kasance a cikin nemo aikace-aikacen ƙima mafi girma don polymers da aka sake yin fa'ida a cikin tsarin sake amfani da rufaffiyar madauki.Tun daga 2005, alal misali, takardar PET don thermoforming a Burtaniya na iya ƙunsar kashi 50 zuwa kashi 70 na PET da aka sake yin fa'ida ta hanyar amfani da zanen gadon A/B/A.
Kwanan nan, wasu ƙasashen EU da suka haɗa da Jamus, Spain, Italiya, Norway, da Ostiriya sun fara tattara marufi masu tsauri kamar tukwane, tubs, da faranti gami da ƙayyadaddun marufi masu sassaucin ra'ayi bayan mabukaci.Saboda sauye-sauye na baya-bayan nan a fasahar wanki da rarrabuwa, sake yin amfani da fakitin filastik da ba kwalba ya zama mai yiwuwa.
Kalubale ga Masana'antar Sake amfani da Filastik
Sake yin amfani da robobi na fuskantar ƙalubale da yawa, kama daga haɗaɗɗun robobi zuwa sauran abubuwan da ba za a iya cirewa ba.Sake yin amfani da tsada mai inganci da inganci na hadadden rafin filastik watakila shine babban kalubalen da ke fuskantar masana'antar sake yin amfani da su.Masana sun yi imanin cewa zayyana marufi da sauran kayayyakin robobi tare da sake yin amfani da su na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fuskantar wannan kalubale.
Farfadowa da sake amfani da marufi masu sassaucin ra'ayi bayan mai amfani matsala ce ta sake amfani da su.Yawancin wuraren dawo da kayan aiki da hukumomin gida ba sa tattara shi sosai saboda rashin kayan aikin da zai iya raba su cikin inganci da sauƙi.
Gurbacewar robobi na teku ya zama abin haskaka kwanan nan ga jama'a.Ana sa ran robobin teku zai rubanya sau uku a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, kuma damuwar jama'a ya sa manyan kungiyoyi a duniya daukar matakin inganta sarrafa albarkatun robobi da rigakafin gurbatar yanayi.
Dokokin sake amfani da filastik
An wajabta sake yin amfani da kwalaben robobi a wasu jihohin Amurka da suka hada da California, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, da Wisconsin.Da fatan za a bi hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa don nemo cikakkun bayanan dokokin sake amfani da filastik a kowace jiha.
Kallon Gaba
Sake amfani da kayan aiki yana da mahimmanci ga ingantaccen sarrafa filastik na ƙarshen rayuwa.Haɓaka ƙimar sake yin amfani da su ya samo asali ne daga fahimtar jama'a da kuma ƙarin tasiri na ayyukan sake yin amfani da su.Za a tallafawa ingantaccen aiki ta hanyar saka hannun jari a cikin bincike da haɓakawa.
Sake yin amfani da samfuran robobi masu yawa bayan masu siye da marufi za su ƙara haɓaka sake yin amfani da su da kuma karkatar da ƙarin sharar robobi na ƙarshen rayuwa daga wuraren shara.Masana'antu da masu tsara manufofi kuma za su iya taimakawa ta motsa ayyukan sake yin amfani da su ta hanyar buƙata ko ƙarfafa yin amfani da resin da aka sake fa'ida da robobin budurwai.
Ƙungiyoyin Masana'antu Masu Sake Amfani da Filastik
Ƙungiyoyin masana'antar sake yin amfani da filastik su ne ƙungiyoyin da ke da alhakin inganta sake yin amfani da filastik, ba da damar membobin su gina da kuma kula da dangantaka tsakanin masu sake yin amfani da robobi, da kuma yin amfani da gwamnati da sauran kungiyoyi don taimakawa wajen samar da yanayi mafi kyau ga masana'antar sake yin amfani da filastik.
Ƙungiyar masu sake yin amfani da filastik (APR): APR tana wakiltar masana'antar sake yin amfani da filastik na duniya.Tana wakiltar membobinta waɗanda suka haɗa da kamfanonin sake yin amfani da robobi masu girma dabam, kamfanonin samfuran robobin mabukaci, masu kera kayan aikin filastik, dakunan gwaje-gwaje da ƙungiyoyi waɗanda suka himmatu wajen ci gaba da nasarar sake yin amfani da filastik.APR tana da shirye-shiryen ilimi da yawa don sabunta membobinta game da sabbin fasahohin sake amfani da filastik da ci gaba.
Filastik Recyclers Turai (PRE): An kafa shi a cikin 1996, PRE tana wakiltar masu sake yin amfani da robobi a Turai.A halin yanzu, tana da mambobi sama da 115 daga ko'ina cikin Turai.A cikin shekarar farko ta kafa, membobin PRE sun sake yin amfani da ton 200 000 na sharar filastik kawai, amma yanzu jimillar ta wuce tan miliyan 2.5.PRE tana shirya nunin sake amfani da filastik da tarurrukan shekara don baiwa membobinta damar tattauna sabbin abubuwan ci gaba da kalubale a cikin masana'antar.
Cibiyar Masana'antun Sake Sake Fasa (ISRI): ISRI tana wakiltar ƙanana 1600 zuwa manyan kamfanoni na ƙasa da ƙasa sun haɗa da masana'anta, masu sarrafawa, dillalai da masu siye da masana'antu na nau'ikan kayayyaki daban-daban.Abokan tarayya na wannan ƙungiyar ta Washington DC sun haɗa da kayan aiki da manyan masu samar da sabis zuwa masana'antar sake yin amfani da tarkace.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-27-2020