Ana haɗa filastik PVC daga iskar acetylene da hydrogen chloride, sannan polymerized.A farkon shekarun 1950, an samar da shi ta hanyar acetylene carbide, kuma a cikin ƙarshen 1950s, ya juya zuwa hanyar oxidation na ethylene tare da isassun kayan aiki da ƙananan farashi;A halin yanzu, fiye da 80% na resin PVC a duniya ana samar da su ta wannan hanya.Duk da haka, bayan 2003, saboda hauhawar farashin man fetur, farashin hanyar acetylene carbide ya kasance kusan kashi 10 cikin dari fiye da na hanyar ethylene oxidation, don haka tsarin kira na PVC ya juya zuwa hanyar acetylene carbide.
An yi amfani da filastik PVC ta hanyar ruwa vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) ta hanyar dakatarwa, ruwan shafa fuska, girma ko tsarin bayani.Tsarin polymerization na dakatarwa ya kasance babbar hanyar da za ta samar da resin PVC tare da tsarin samar da balagagge, aiki mai sauƙi, ƙananan farashin samarwa, nau'in samfurin da yawa da kewayon aikace-aikace.Yana da kusan kashi 90% na masana'antar samar da PVC ta duniya (homopolymer shima yana da kusan kashi 90 cikin 100 na jimlar PVC a duniya).Na biyu shine hanyar magarya, wanda ake amfani da shi don samar da resin PVC.Halin polymerization yana farawa ta hanyar radicals kyauta, kuma yawan zafin jiki shine 40 ~ 70oc.Yanayin zafin jiki da kuma maida hankali na mai farawa suna da babban tasiri akan ƙimar polymerization da rarraba nauyin kwayoyin halitta na resin PVC.
Ninka girke-girke zabin
The dabara na PVC roba profile ne yafi hada da PVC guduro da Additives, wanda aka raba zuwa kashi: zafi stabilizer, man shafawa, aiki modifier, tasiri modifier, filler, anti-tsufa wakili, colorant, da dai sauransu Kafin zayyana PVC dabara, ya kamata mu farko. fahimtar aikin resin PVC da ƙari daban-daban.
1. Gudun gudu zai zama pvc-sc5 resin ko pvc-sg4 guduro, wato, PVC guduro tare da polymerization digiri na 1200-1000.
2. Dole ne a ƙara tsarin kwanciyar hankali na thermal.Zaɓi bisa ga ainihin abubuwan da ake buƙata na samarwa, kuma kula da tasirin haɗin gwiwa da tasirin adawa tsakanin masu daidaita zafi.
3. Dole ne a ƙara mai gyara tasiri.Ana iya zaɓar masu gyara tasirin tasirin CPE da ACR.Dangane da sauran abubuwan da aka haɗa a cikin dabara da ƙarfin filastik na extruder, adadin ƙari shine sassa 8-12.CPE yana da ƙananan farashi da maɓuɓɓuka masu yawa;ACR yana da babban juriya na tsufa da ƙarfin fillet.
4. Ƙara adadin da ya dace a cikin tsarin lubrication.Tsarin lubrication na iya rage nauyin injin sarrafawa kuma ya sa samfurin ya zama santsi, amma wuce kima zai sa ƙarfin fillet ɗin walda ya ragu.
5. Ƙara gyare-gyaren sarrafawa zai iya inganta ingancin filastik da inganta bayyanar samfurori.Gabaɗaya, ana ƙara mai sarrafa ACR a cikin adadin sassa 1-2.
6. Ƙara filler zai iya rage farashin kuma ya ƙara ƙarfin bayanin martaba, amma yana da tasiri mai tasiri akan ƙananan ƙarfin tasirin zafi.Calcium carbonate mai haske mai amsawa tare da kyakkyawan inganci yakamata a ƙara, tare da ƙarin adadin sassan 5-15.
7. Dole ne a ƙara wani adadin titanium dioxide don kare hasken ultraviolet.Titanium dioxide yakamata ya zama nau'in rutile, tare da ƙarin adadin sassa 4-6.Idan ya cancanta, ultraviolet absorbers UV-531, uv327, da dai sauransu za a iya ƙara don ƙara tsufa juriya na profile.
8. Ƙara shuɗi da haske mai haske a cikin adadin da ya dace zai iya inganta launi na bayanin martaba.
9. Ya kamata a sauƙaƙa dabarar gwargwadon yadda zai yiwu, kuma kada a ƙara abubuwan da ke cikin ruwa gwargwadon yiwuwa.Dangane da buƙatun tsarin hadawa (duba matsalar haɗaɗɗen), yakamata a raba dabarar zuwa abu I, abu II da abu III a cikin batches gwargwadon tsarin ciyarwa, kuma an shirya su bi da bi.
Polymerization na dakatarwa
Dakatar da polymerization yana adana ɗigon ruwa na jiki guda ɗaya da aka dakatar a cikin ruwa ta ci gaba da motsawa, kuma ana aiwatar da halayen polymerization a cikin ƙananan ɗigon monomer.Yawancin lokaci, dakatarwar polymerization shine polymerization na tsaka-tsaki.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kamfanoni sun ci gaba da yin nazari da kuma inganta tsarin, polymerizer, samfurin iri-iri da ingancin tsarin dakatarwa na polymerization na guduro na PVC, da kuma haɓaka fasahar tsari tare da nasu halaye.A halin yanzu, ana amfani da fasahar kamfanin Geon (tsohon kamfanin BF Goodrich), fasahar kamfanin shinyue a Japan da fasahar kamfanin EVC a Turai.Fasahar waɗannan kamfanoni guda uku tana da kusan kashi 21% na sabon ƙarfin samar da guduro na PVC a duniya tun 1990.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-15-2022