Halayen konewa na PVC sune cewa yana da wuyar ƙonewa, yana kashewa nan da nan bayan barin wuta, harshen wuta shine hayaƙin rawaya da fari, kuma filastik yana yin laushi lokacin ƙonewa, yana ba da ƙamshin chlorine mai ban haushi.
Polyvinyl chloride guduro roba ne da yawa sassa.Additives daban-daban za a iya ƙara bisa ga daban-daban amfani.Saboda haka, tare da daban-daban abun da ke ciki, da kayayyakin iya nuna daban-daban na jiki da kuma inji Properties.Alal misali, ana iya raba shi zuwa samfurori masu laushi da wuya tare da ko ba tare da filastik ba.Gabaɗaya, samfuran PVC suna da fa'idodin kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai, juriya na harshen wuta da kashe kai, juriya mai ƙarfi, kawar da hayaniya da rawar jiki, ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, rufin lantarki mai kyau, ƙarancin farashi, maɓuɓɓugar abubuwa masu faɗi, ƙarancin iska mai kyau, da sauransu. kwanciyar hankali na thermal da sauƙi tsufa a ƙarƙashin aikin haske, zafi da oxygen.Gudun PVC kanta ba mai guba bane.Idan aka yi amfani da kayan da aka yi da filastik ba mai guba ba, stabilizers da sauran kayan taimako, ba su da illa ga mutane da dabbobi.Duk da haka, yawancin masu yin filastik da stabilizers da ake amfani da su a cikin kayayyakin PVC gabaɗaya ana gani a kasuwa suna da guba.Don haka, sai dai samfuran da ba su da tsari mai guba, ba za a iya amfani da su don ƙunshi abinci ba.
1. Ayyukan jiki
Gudun PVC shine thermoplastic tare da tsarin amorphous.A ƙarƙashin hasken ultraviolet, PVC mai wuya yana samar da haske mai haske mai launin shuɗi ko shunayya, yayin da PVC mai laushi yana fitar da haske mai launin shuɗi ko shuɗi.Lokacin da zafin jiki ya kasance 20 ℃, index refractive shine 1.544 kuma takamaiman nauyi shine 1.40.Yawan samfurori tare da filastik da filler yawanci yawanci a cikin kewayon 1.15 ~ 2.00, yawan kumfa mai laushi na PVC shine 0.08 ~ 0.48, kuma yawan kumfa mai wuya shine 0.03 ~ 0.08.Ruwan ruwa na PVC kada ya wuce 0.5%.
Abubuwan da ke cikin jiki da na inji na PVC sun dogara ne akan nauyin kwayar halitta na guduro, abun ciki na filastik da filler.Mafi girman nauyin kwayoyin halitta na resin, mafi girman kayan aikin injiniya, juriya na sanyi da kwanciyar hankali na thermal, amma ana buƙatar zafin jiki na aiki don zama babba, don haka yana da wuya a samar;Ƙananan nauyin kwayoyin halitta akasin abin da ke sama.Tare da haɓaka abun ciki na filler, ƙarfin ƙarfi yana raguwa.
2. Ayyukan thermal
Wurin laushi na guduro na PVC yana kusa da zafin jiki na lalata.Ya fara rubewa a 140 ℃, kuma yana raguwa da sauri a 170 ℃.Domin tabbatar da al'ada tsari na gyare-gyare, biyu mafi muhimmanci tsari Manuniya ga PVC guduro an kayyade, wato bazuwar zazzabi da thermal kwanciyar hankali.Abin da ake kira bazuwar zafin jiki shine zafin jiki lokacin da aka saki adadin hydrogen chloride mai yawa, kuma abin da ake kira kwanciyar hankali na thermal shine lokacin da ba a saki babban adadin hydrogen chloride a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayin zafi (yawanci 190 ℃).Filastik na PVC zai bazu idan an fallasa shi zuwa 100 ℃ na dogon lokaci, sai dai idan an ƙara stabilizer alkaline.Idan ya wuce 180 ℃, zai rube da sauri.
Yawan zafin jiki na amfani da dogon lokaci na yawancin samfuran filastik na PVC kada ya wuce 55 ℃, amma zafin zafin da ake amfani da shi na dogon lokaci na filastik filastik tare da dabara na musamman na iya isa 90 ℃.Samfuran PVC masu laushi za su taurare a ƙananan zafin jiki.Kwayoyin PVC sun ƙunshi atom ɗin chlorine, don haka shi da copolymers ɗin sa gabaɗaya suna jure harshen wuta, suna kashe kansu kuma ba su ɗigo ba.
3. Kwanciyar hankali
Polyvinyl chloride guduro ne in mun gwada da m polymer, wanda kuma za ta ƙasƙanta a karkashin aikin haske da zafi.Tsarinsa shine don saki hydrogen chloride kuma ya canza tsarinsa, amma zuwa ƙarami.A lokaci guda, bazuwar za a haɓaka a gaban ƙarfin injin, oxygen, wari, HCl da wasu ions ƙarfe masu aiki.
Bayan cire HCl daga resin PVC, ana samar da sarƙoƙi guda biyu a kan babban sarkar, kuma launi zai canza.Yayin da adadin bazuwar hydrogen chloride ya karu, resin PVC yana canzawa daga fari zuwa rawaya, fure, ja, launin ruwan kasa har ma da baki.
4. Ayyukan lantarki
Abubuwan lantarki na PVC sun dogara ne akan adadin ragowar da ke cikin polymer da nau'in da adadin abubuwan ƙari daban-daban a cikin dabara.Abubuwan lantarki na PVC kuma suna da alaƙa da dumama: lokacin da dumama ya sa PVC ya rugujewa, za a rage ƙarancin wutar lantarki saboda kasancewar ions na chloride.Idan babban adadin ions na chloride ba za a iya kawar da su ta hanyar masu daidaitawar alkaline ba (kamar gishirin gubar), za a rage yawan rufewar wutar lantarki.Ba kamar polar polar irin su polyethylene da polypropylene ba, kayan lantarki na PVC suna canzawa tare da mita da zafin jiki, alal misali, dielectric akai-akai yana raguwa tare da karuwar mita.
5. Chemical Properties
PVC yana da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai kuma yana da ƙima mai girma a matsayin abu mai cutarwa.
PVC yana da kwanciyar hankali ga yawancin inorganic acid da tushe.Ba zai narke lokacin da aka yi zafi ba kuma za a ruɓe don sakin hydrogen chloride.An shirya samfurin azeotropy tare da potassium hydroxide wanda ba zai iya narkewa ba.Solubility na PVC yana da alaƙa da nauyin kwayoyin halitta da hanyar polymerization.Gabaɗaya magana, solubility yana raguwa tare da haɓakar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta polymer, kuma solubility na resin ruwan shafa ya fi na resin dakatarwa.Ana iya narkar da shi a cikin ketones (irin su cyclohexanone, cyclohexanone), kaushi mai ƙanshi (irin su toluene, xylene), dimethylformyl, tetrahydrofuran.Gudun PVC kusan ba zai iya narkewa a cikin robobi a cikin zafin jiki, kuma yana kumbura sosai ko ma narke a babban zafin jiki.
Ƙaddamar da aiwatarwa
PVC polymer amorphous ne wanda ba shi da ma'anar narkewa.Yana da filastik lokacin zafi zuwa 120 ~ 150 ℃.Saboda rashin kwanciyar hankali na thermal, yana ƙunshe da ƙaramin adadin HCl a wannan zafin jiki, wanda ke inganta haɓakarsa.Sabili da haka, dole ne a ƙara alkaline stabilizer da HCl don hana halayen fashewar ta.PVC mai tsabta shine samfur mai wuyar gaske, wanda ke buƙatar ƙarawa tare da adadin filastik mai dacewa don yin laushi.Don samfuran daban-daban, abubuwan da ake buƙata kamar masu ɗaukar UV, masu cikawa, masu mai, pigments, wakilai na rigakafin mildew da sauransu suna buƙatar ƙara don haɓaka aikin samfuran PVC.Kamar sauran robobi, kaddarorin guduro suna ƙayyade inganci da yanayin sarrafa samfuran.Domin PVC, da guduro Properties alaka da aiki sun hada da barbashi size, thermal kwanciyar hankali, kwayoyin nauyi, kifi ido, girma yawa, tsarki, kasashen waje impurities da porosity.A danko da gelatinization Properties na PVC manna, manna, da dai sauransu ya kamata a ƙaddara, don haka kamar yadda ya mallaki yanayin aiki da samfurin ingancin.
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-07-2022